Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)

What Is MDPV?

MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) is a synthetic cathinone drug chemically similar to MDMA or ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). MDMA is derived from khat, a South American plant sometimes chewed like gum for its stimulant properties. MDPV is a newer chemical, mainly found in bath salts, an emerging class of dangerous synthetic stimulant drugs being increasingly used in the United States.

Many synthetic cathinones associated with bath salts are chemically similar to amphetamines, especially ecstasy, but MDPV has been found to function more like cocaine when it impacts the brain. Both drugs elevate levels of dopamine in the brain, leading to similar surges in energy, elevated mood, and anxiety, but MDPV is 10 times more potent than cocaine.

MDPV is usually found as a white or light brown powder, which may be slightly clumpy and have a specific odor. Sometimes, the drug is found in pill or tablet form.

How Does MDPV Work?

MDPV binds to dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters in the brain, preventing these neurotransmitters from being absorbed quickly. Neurotransmitters that stay available to the brain longer change mood and behaviors.

MDPV Effects

Many of the effects of MDPV use are like those associated with other stimulants and amphetamines. They include:

• Euphoria.
• Elevated mood.
• Rapid heartrate and breathing.
• High blood pressure.
• Elevated body temperature.
• Confusion.
• Mental and physical stimulation.

Effects from MDPV are dose-dependent. Very large doses of MDPV over a long period of time can cause intense paranoia, leading to delusions, aggression, and suicidal ideation. The person may suffer a break from reality leading to psychosis.